Biochemistry Topics, Nitrogen Metabolism
Last Updated: February 23, 2026 Introduction to Heme Biosynthesis The processes of heme biosynthesis and degradation to bilirubin constitute the pathways of heme and bilirubin metabolism. Heme molecules are derived from the porphyrins. Porphyrins are complex chemical...
Diseases and Disorders, Disorders of Red Blood Cells
Last Updated: October 28, 2025 Introduction to the (beta) β-Thalassemias The human β-globin gene cluster is located on chromosome 11 (specifically 11p15.4) and includes the genes that encode the epsilon globin (ε: embryonic), the gamma A and gamma G globins (Aγ; Gγ:...
Diseases and Disorders, Disorders of Red Blood Cells
Last Updated: October 28, 2028 Introduction to the α-Thalassemias The thalassemias are the result of quantitative abnormalities in hemoglobin synthesis. With the α-thalassemias the level of α-globin production can range from none to very nearly normal...
Amino Acids and Proteins, Biochemistry Topics
Last Updated: January 2, 2026 Introduction to Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Myoglobin and hemoglobin are heme containing proteins whose physiological importance is principally related to their ability to bind molecular oxygen. Hemoglobin is a heterotetrameric heme protein...
Diseases and Disorders, Disorders in Oxygen Carrying Proteins, Disorders of Red Blood Cells
Last Updated: April 14, 2026 Introduction to Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia, also called sickle cell disease (SCD), is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting the function of hemoglobin. In order for full disease symptoms to manifest in an individual they...
