Diseases and Disorders, Diseases of Hormone Synthesis or Function
Last Updated: February 20, 2025 Introduction to Addison Disease Adrenal insufficiency describes a related group of disorders that are generally divided into two broad categories. Disorders that are due to a primary inability of the adrenal glands to synthesize and...
Insulin & Diabetes, Specialized Topics
Last Updated: August 25, 2025 Introduction to Insulin Activities Insulin and Metabolism Insulin is a major metabolism regulating hormone secreted by β-cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. The major function of insulin is to counter the concerted actions...
Hormones: Steroid & Peptide, Specialized Topics
Last Updated: September 15, 2025 Introduction to the Steroid Hormones The steroid hormones are all derived from cholesterol. Moreover, with the exception of vitamin D, they all contain the same cyclopentanophenanthrene ring and atomic numbering system as...
Biochemistry Topics, Carbohydrate Metabolism
Last Updated: July 21, 2025 Introduction to Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis is the biosynthesis of new glucose, (i.e. not glucose from glycogen). This process is frequently referred to as endogenous glucose production (EGP). The production of glucose from other carbon...
